For the Visegrád countries, credible defence is inseparable from NATO membership.
Although none of the V4 countries has deposits of rare earth elements, all of them are striving to secure their place in the future of the EU’s critical raw materials sector.
On 31 March 2026, Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe (PEJ) submitted a formal application to the President of the National Atomic Energy Agency for a construction permit to build Poland’s first nuclear power plant at the Lubiatowo-Kopalino site.
Hungary’s flagship nuclear project, Paks II, stands at a decisive juncture as a new government seeks to reassess its costs, risks, and geopolitical implications. Between energy security needs and dependence on Russia, there is little room for maneuver.